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Urban
development in Gurgaon occurs jointly through the government
and private sector. This model facilitates faster and
better-organized urban growth due to the greater availability
of financial resources. While the government urban agency,
the Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), is mostly
responsible for the overall development of the town
(including infrastructure, waste and water management)
along with the Town and Country Planning Office (TCPO),
it provides licences to private developers who have
acquired land within the stipulated Master Plan area.
In other words, the private ‘colonizer’
purchases land from the open market and procures licences
for developing it from HUDA. The private developers
then construct buildings according to their own designs
within a specified buildings regulatory framework. More
than 45 private players are involved in Gurgaon’s
property market, but three, DLF, Ansal, and Unitech,
have the lion’s share. Together, these three private
players own the majority of the land under the colonizers.
Besides
HUDA and TCPO, the other two government stakeholders
in this urbanization process are the Haryana State Industrial
Development Corporation (HSIDC) and the Housing Board,
Haryana. The HSIDC is responsible for the development
of Gurgaon’s industrial sectors and the Housing
Board constructs houses for allotment to the public
in accordance with the guidelines issued by the state
government and emphasizes providing shelter to socially
and economically weaker sections of society.
The Haryana Power Utilities (formerly known as the Haryana
State Electricity Board) is responsible for electricity
generation, transmission, and distribution in Haryana.
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Haryana
Urban Development Agency (HUDA) |
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http://huda.nic.in |
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The
Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), a statutory
body of the Haryana Government, was constituted under
the Haryana Urban Development Authority Act, 1977. The
main functions of HUDA are:
To promote and secure development of urban areas with
the power to acquire, sell and dispose of property, both
movable and immovable;
To acquire, develop and dispose land for residential,
industrial and commercial purposes;
To make available developed land to the Haryana Housing
Board and other bodies for providing houses to economically
weaker sections of the society; and,
To undertake building work.
HUDA’s land, including that for plotted colonies,
group housing, commercial, and industrial zones is distributed
throughout the town, with industrial areas lying in
the western and eastern portions.
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Town
and Country Planning Organisation (TCPO) |
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http://urbanindia.nic.in/mud-final-site/ministry/associates/subordinateoffices/tcpo.htm |
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The
Town and Country Planning Organisation department defines
and publishes the final development plan of Gurgaon along
with restrictions and conditions applicable to controlled
areas covered by it. The TCPO is also responsible for
granting licences to private colonizers for undertaking
development in the state of Haryana, including Gurgaon.
It also issues guidelines to private developers for planned
development and enforces the Town Planning Act and rules
which define building bye-laws/regulations for private
developers. |
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The
Housing Board, Haryana |
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http://hbh.nic.in/ |
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The
Housing Board, Haryana came into existence during the
year 1971 in pursuance of the Haryana Housing Board Act
(Act No. 20 of 1971). The main objective of the Board
is to construct houses for allotment to the public in
accordance with the guidelines issued by the state government
and the prescribed procedure. The emphasis is on constructing
houses for socially and economically weaker sections of
society. At the apex level, there is a board of members
appointed by the state government under Section 3 of the
Act headed by a chairman. The Board so set up decides
all policy matters and the chief administrator is its
chief executive. The Board has set up construction divisions,
design cells, etc., for carrying out its activities.
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Private
developers (DLF Universal Limited, Ansal Properties and
Industries Limited, Unitech Limited) |
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www.dlf-group.com,
www.ansalpropertiesltd.com,
www.unitech-limited.com |
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Ansal’s, Unitech and DLF hold most of the land under
HUDA. Of these three developers, DLF is the largest and
also the oldest, while Unitech is the newest. In the basic
layout of Gurgaon’s urban area, DLF occupies most
of the south east of the town, Unitech’s areas are
in the centre and the south western corner, and Ansal
owns land in the extreme north, extreme south, with one
colony in the south east, just west of DLF Phase IV. The
names of the areas developed by the major private developers
are given in the table below:
Developer
|
Name
of the Colony |
| DLF |
Phases
I-V |
| Ansals
Palam Vihar, |
Sushant
Lok (I, II and III) |
| Unitech |
Greenwood
City, South City (I and II and phases) |
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Dakshin
Haryana Bijli Vitaran Nigam Limited |
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http://gurgaon.nic.in/hseb.htm |
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The Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitaran Nigam Limited is the
primary electricity distribution company in the urban
area of Gurgaon. |
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Haryana
State Energy Development Agency (HAREDA) |
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HAREDA
is a state government undertaking in Haryana and has the
following key objectives:
To formulate and implement policies and plans and assist
the State Government and Government of India in the efforts
to develop, promote and diffuse Non-conventional and New
and Renewable Sources of Energy (NRSE) and technologies
as also to promote energy conservation measures and solve
problems arising from the depletion of conventional sources
of energy and pollution caused by their existing use thereby
promoting cleaner energy technologies.
To prepare a Master Plan for the entire state for utilising
all viable forms of non-conventional/alternate sources
of energy and energy conservation/efficiency improvement.
To advise the state government, central government, panchayats,
municipalities, notified area committees and other local
bodies, semi government agencies, other development agencies
in the state or elsewhere in all matters pertaining to
non-conventional/alternate sources of energy and energy
conservation/efficiency improvement.
To open publicity-cum-information centres, sales depots
and warehouses at suitable places to participate in exhibitions,
fairs, etc. for the promotion of non-conventional/alternate
sources of energy and energy conservation/efficiency improvement.
To liaise, cooperate and affiliate as and when necessary
with universities, R&D centres, other similar institutions,
agencies, associations or bodies in India and/or abroad
for the attainment of the above objectives.
To implement the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
The
Haryana Renewable Energy Development Agency is headed
by the Director, Department of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources, Haryana. He reports to the Board of Directors
of HAREDA that has 15 members consisting of the heads
of various development departments.
The agency has a core team of 22 dedicated personnel
who work in three divisions, accounts, administration,
and technical of the agency. HAREDA has a head office
in Chandigarh as well as district level branch offices.
In the Gurgaon region, the office is located on the
premises of the Aditya Solar Shop. The present activities
of HAREDA are concentrated on the following sectors:
Solar water heating scheme
Solar cookers (box and concentrating type)
Solar showrooms (Aditya Solar Shop)
Solar passive/energy efficient architecture
Non-conventional energy R&D
SPV systems for home lighting, street lighting, water
pumping, and lanterns
Biomass gasification programme
Implementation of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
Generation of power from non-conventional energy sources
such as solar, wind, hydel, and bagasse
Electrification of huts.
Besides
implementing schemes of the MNES, HAREDA has also initiated
a project on renewable energy power development in collaboration
with the Energy Research Foundation (ECN) of the Netherlands
and the World Bank at an outlay of Rs 149.3 million.
HAREDA has also initiated a UNDP-GEF (United Nations
Development Program-Global Environment Facility) assisted
solar energy project for increasing the market acceptability
of solar thermal technology for meeting low and medium
grade energy requirements.
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Key
stakeholders in water and waste management |
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HUDA
is responsible for the supply and distribution of water
in Gurgaon. A 70 km water channel from Sonepat to Gurgaon
has been constructed which is designed to supply 100
MGD treated water capable of serving a population of
1.6 million. However the distribution system is still
under implementation and this has resulted in tapping
of ground water reserves by the residents and developers.
No single body in Gurgaon is responsible for waste collection
in both the town and city areas. While HUDA takes care
of the collection and disposal of wastes in the HUDA’s
sectors (city), the sanitary department of the Municipal
Council is responsible for the overall management of
solid wastes in Gurgaon Town. For management of waste
in its 16 sectors, HUDA has about 100 community bins
about 250 m apart. It has three refuse collectors making
six trips daily to the disposal site. Although HUDA
is not responsible for door-door collection of waste,
it has about 300 sweepers to collect waste from the
streets.
The major private developers – DLF, Unitech, and
Ansal – have their own arrangements for collecting
wastes from households. The resident’s welfare
associations in these colonies have initiated this arrangement
with the contractors who dispose the waste in open areas
of land nearby (usually not more than 2-3- km from the
colony), and/or dumping yards using trolleys or rickshaws.
Sewerage treatment is also under the purview of the
HUDA and a master sewerage scheme is under implementation.
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